
Table of Contents
Reading time: 8 minutes | Last Updated: March 21, 2025
Quick Facts
- What It Is: Sexual positions that transform any sturdy chair into your personal pleasure playground
- Also Known As: Furniture sex, seated positions, chair play
- Difficulty: Beginner to Intermediate (adventure without acrobatics)
- Best For: Spontaneous encounters, comfort-focused pleasure, turning your living room into a love nest
- Why It’s Amazing: Every chair becomes foreplay, plus angles that make your toes curl
- Common Challenge: Finding the sweet spot between chair stability and earth-shattering orgasms
- Perfect Pairing: A rock-solid chair, strategic pillow placement, and a couples’ vibrator or bullet vibe for hands-free pleasure enhancement
What Makes Chair Sex So Wickedly Irresistible?
Picture this: you and your partner are snuggling in your favorite recliner. Her hands have been roaming your body, so you know she’s frisky. However, you aren’t prepared when she bites your ear and whispers, “I need you inside me right now.”
You start getting up, the words “let’s head to the bedroom” dying on your lips as she lightly pins you to the chair. She had already fished your rock-hard cock out of your boxers. Sliding her own frilly panties to the side, she straddled you, her voice immediately transforming into a series of guttural moans.
When she comes, your cock begins exploding, and all you can see is the white light of frantic pleasure and rapturous release. “We’ll have to try the chair for sex again,” she said afterward, her face deadpan. “Unless you’re otherwise… reclined!”
That explosive moment of furniture-based passion? That’s the magic of chair sex positions.
Chair sex isn’t just about changing scenery—it’s about discovering nerve endings your bed never knew how to awaken. These positions create angles that make your skin tingle with anticipation, leverage that puts you in complete control of every delicious thrust, and intimacy levels that’ll have you wondering why you ever settled for ordinary horizontal encounters. When you master how to have sex in a chair, every piece of furniture becomes foreplay waiting to happen.
What makes chair sex positions absolutely addictive:
- Instant access – Your living room transforms into a pleasure palace where desire meets opportunity
- Mind-melting angles – Hit spots that make your toes curl and your body arch with need
- Spontaneous heat – When that familiar throb of desire strikes, you’re already perfectly positioned to satisfy it
- Comfort meets raw passion – Support where your body needs it, intensity that makes your pulse race
- Soul-stirring eye contact – Face-to-face positions where you watch each other come apart with pleasure
Why Chair Sex Will Ruin You for Ordinary Encounters
The best chair sex positions offer pleasure advantages that go way beyond novelty. Here’s why furniture-based fucking is revolutionizing how couples connect:
Spontaneous Passion That Ignites Instantly
When you know how to have sex in a chair, your Netflix session becomes foreplay. That home office chair where you take Zoom calls? It’s about to host much more interesting meetings. The beauty of chair sex positions is how they transform ordinary moments into extraordinary encounters that leave you breathless and wanting more.
Built for Real Bodies, Real Pleasure
Forget acrobatic positions that require circus training. Chair sex positions for beginners work with your body’s natural responses and movements. The chair handles the support work while you focus entirely on the building heat between your legs and the electric connection with your partner.
Accessibility That Actually Delivers
Whether you’re dealing with a bad back, joint sensitivity, or just want comfort that doesn’t kill the mood, chairs provide the support you need for mind-melting sex. These positions prove that incredible pleasure doesn’t require contortions—just smart positioning that lets you lose yourself in sensation. Health experts confirm that sexual activity provides physical benefits including improved cardiovascular health and reduced stress, making comfortable positions even more valuable for overall well-being.
Adventure Within Your Comfort Zone
Ready to spice things up without becoming a bedroom gymnast? Chair positions let you explore new territories of pleasure while staying in your comfort zone. It’s the perfect bridge between routine and the kind of adventurous sex that leaves you both grinning for days.
Your Chair Selection Guide: Building the Foundation for Mind-Blowing Sex
Not every chair deserves to witness your most intimate moments. Here’s how to choose furniture worthy of your passion:
Non-Negotiable Chair Requirements:
Rock-Solid Stability: Your chair must handle passionate movement without protesting. If it wobbles during a simple bounce test, it’ll definitely fail when things get wild. Trust me on this—I learned the hard way during a particularly enthusiastic session that ended with both of us on the floor, laughing but definitely not climaxing.
Height That Hits Right: Chair height determines everything about penetration angles and comfort. Standard dining chairs work magic for most positions, while bar stools open up standing possibilities that’ll make your knees weak.
Armrest Strategy: Sturdy, wide armrests become your best friends for leverage and support. Flimsy arms will either break or get in your way when you’re trying to find that perfect rhythm.
Surface Sense: Leather cleans up easily but gets slippery when you’re both sweating from incredible sex. Fabric grips better but needs protection. Choose based on how messy you like to get.
Chair Champions for Spectacular Sex:
- Dining Chairs – The workhorses of furniture sex, perfect height and built to last
- Office Chairs – Adjustable everything, plus wheels for creative positioning (lock them first!)
- Recliners – Comfort meets passion with multiple angles to explore
- Armchairs – Spacious enough for creative positioning and post-sex cuddling
- Bar Stools – Height advantage that creates angles you never knew you needed
Hard No List: Folding chairs (death trap), sharp-edged furniture (injury waiting to happen), antiques (expensive mistakes), or anything that creaks during normal use (mood killer extraordinaire).
12 Chair Sex Positions That’ll Make You See Stars
1. The Chairman (Chair Missionary Position)
Heat Level: Beginner-Friendly Fire
Best Chair: Any sturdy throne with back support
Setup: 30 seconds to paradise
This is chair sex positions at its most essential—pure, unadulterated pleasure without complications. He becomes your personal throne while you control every delicious moment of penetration and eye contact that melts your brain.
How to Own This Position: He sits like the king he’s about to feel like, feet planted for stability. You straddle his lap facing him, using his shoulders for support as you slowly lower yourself onto his throbbing cock. The moment you sink down and feel that delicious stretch while locking eyes? That’s when time stops and pure electricity shoots through your body.
Why It’s Absolutely Addictive: You control the depth that makes you gasp and clench around him, the speed that builds that sweet ache between your legs, and the angle that sends shivers up your spine with every movement. Meanwhile, he watches your face flush and your lips part with pleasure while his hands worship every curve of your body.
Insider Secrets: Start with slow, grinding circles that let you feel every ridge and vein of his cock. The upright position naturally targets your most sensitive spots while keeping you close enough to whisper exactly what you want.
When Things Get Tricky: If balance feels off, plant your feet on the floor alongside the chair. This gives you more control and lets you really ride him the way you both crave.
2. Doggy Style Chair Domination
Heat Level: Confident Beginner
Best Chair: Sturdy chair with perfect height for standing penetration
Setup: 1 minute to mind-blowing
Transform your innocent dining chair into a launch pad for the kind of rear entry that makes you forget your own name. The elevation creates angles that’ll have you both seeing stars.
How to Master the Art: You kneel on the chair seat, gripping the backrest like your sanity depends on it—because it will when he starts moving inside you. He stands behind you, adjusting his stance until he finds that perfect angle that makes you arch your back, push your hips toward him, and beg for more with every breathless moan.
Why It Drives You Wild: The chair height creates penetration so deep you’ll feel him everywhere—that overwhelming fullness that makes your inner walls pulse around him with need. Every thrust targets your G-spot while his hands roam free to tease your swollen clit or grip your hips with possession that sends heat racing through your veins.
Comfort Hacks: Drape a soft towel over the seat for your knees. The chair back isn’t just for stability—it’s perfect for pulling yourself back onto his cock when you want it deeper.
Troubleshooting: If the angle isn’t hitting right, adjust by spreading your knees wider (shallower) or kneeling more upright (deeper). Small changes create massive differences in sensation.
3. Lap Dance Seduction
Heat Level: Pure Temptation
Best Chair: Comfortable chair with good back support for him
Setup: 30 seconds to sultry heaven
Channel your inner goddess while giving him a view that’ll fuel his fantasies for months. You control the show while he enjoys being your personal sex toy.
How to Drive Him Insane: He leans back in the chair, ready to surrender to your magic. You face away from him, slowly lowering yourself onto his cock while he watches every curve of your body move with hypnotic grace. Feel him throb inside you as you take control, setting the rhythm that makes you both ache with need.
Why It’s Pure Ecstasy: You decide exactly how deep he goes and which spots inside you get worshipped with each movement. He gets an unobstructed view of your gorgeous body in motion plus the intoxicating thrill of being completely at your mercy while you ride him toward mutual bliss.
Seduction Techniques: Start with teasing—hover just above him, let him feel your heat before you slowly sink down. Lean forward to grip his knees for leverage, or lean back against his chest when you want deeper connection.
Advanced Moves: Rock side to side to change the angle, or lift up until just his tip is inside you, then slam back down. Watch him lose his mind from the sensation.
4. Venus Butterfly (Office Oral Worship)
Heat Level: Divine Pleasure
Best Chair: Office Chair with comfortable kneeling space in front
Setup: 30 seconds to oral paradise
You become the goddess you are while he worships between your thighs. This chair oral position is designed for your complete and utter pleasure.
How to Receive Like a Queen: Lean back in your throne with legs spread wide, either draped over the chair arms or resting on his shoulders. He kneels before you like the devoted worshipper he is, using his tongue to trace patterns that make your hips buck and your breath come in shallow gasps. Feel the heat building as he finds that perfect rhythm that turns your body into liquid fire.
Why It’s Absolutely Divine: You get to surrender completely to wave after wave of sensation while he has perfect access to every sensitive spot that makes you melt. The chair supports you through pleasure so intense your legs would give out otherwise, letting you focus entirely on the building storm between your thighs.
Pleasure Amplifiers: Guide his head with your hands, tell him exactly what makes you moan, and don’t hold back those sounds of pleasure. His tongue combined with the chair’s support creates the perfect storm for earth-shattering orgasms.
Comfort Maximizers: He should kneel on a cushion for extended worship sessions. The chair height lets him maintain perfect posture while his tongue works magic on your most sensitive spots.
5. Seated Blow Job (King on the Throne)
Heat Level: Visual Feast
Best Chair: Any throne worthy of a king
Setup: 30 seconds to oral heaven
He sits back like the satisfied king he’s about to become while you kneel before him, taking complete control of his pleasure. This classic chair sex position never loses its power to drive men absolutely wild.
How to Own His Pleasure: He leans back, legs spread, completely at your mercy. You kneel between his thighs, using your mouth, tongue, and hands to build him toward the kind of climax that makes him grip the chair arms and forget his own name. Watch his face contort with pleasure as you control every sensation.
Why He’ll Worship You: The visual of you taking him deep combined with the exquisite sensation of your mouth creates a feedback loop of pleasure that makes his entire body tense with anticipation. The comfort lets him savor every flick of your tongue, every gentle scrape of teeth, every moment of building intensity.
Technique Treasures: Use the chair arms for support and leverage. Vary your rhythm, make eye contact when you pull away to breathe, and watch his face transform with each technique you apply.
Power Dynamics: You control his pleasure completely. Tease him to the edge, back off, then drive him wild again. The seated position lets you play with him for as long as you want.
6. Legs on Shoulder Intensity
Heat Level: Deep Connection
Best Chair: Chair that accommodates intimate positioning
Setup: 1 minute to deep pleasure
You sit while he stands or kneels in front, your legs draped over his shoulder creating the kind of intimate connection that makes time stop. This position solves balance issues while creating incredible depth.
How to Connect Deeply: You sit on the chair edge with your legs resting on his strong shoulder. He penetrates from this position, using your legs for leverage and that intimate connection that makes your breath catch and your heart race. Feel how the angle sends sensation rippling through places you didn’t know could feel so good.
Why It’s Intensely Satisfying: The positioning creates penetration so deep it borders on overwhelming—that exquisite fullness that makes your entire body hum with pleasure. Your legs on his shoulders adds an element of intimate surrender that drives both of you wild with need.
Gentle Beginnings: Start slow—this position can achieve significant depth quickly. Let your body adjust and communicate what feels incredible versus what needs adjustment.
Angle Artistry: Small shifts in how your legs rest on his shoulders completely change the sensation. Experiment until you find the angle that makes your toes curl.
7. High Chair Doggy Elevation
Heat Level: Elevated Pleasure
Best Chair: Bar stool or high chair with solid foundation
Setup: 30 seconds to elevated bliss
The height advantage creates penetration angles that simply don’t exist with regular furniture. You sit elevated while he stands behind you, transforming ordinary rear entry into something extraordinary.
How to Reach New Heights: You sit on your elevated throne while he stands behind you, entering from this perfect height that aligns your bodies in ways that make you both gasp with pleasure.
Why Elevation Equals Ecstasy: The height creates completely new angles for his cock to explore inside you while you maintain comfort and stability. Every thrust hits spots you didn’t know existed.
Positioning Perfection: You can turn to face him for more intimate connection, or lean forward for deeper penetration. The height gives you options regular chairs simply can’t offer.
Room Integration: Kitchen counters with bar stools become instant pleasure zones. Your dining room high-top? Now it’s a sex playground. And if you love the spontaneity that chair sex brings, wait until you discover car sex positions that turn every drive into potential foreplay.
8. The Sybian Experience
Heat Level: Leg-Powered Intensity
Best Chair: Low, wide chair for stability
Setup: 1 minute to unique pleasure
Named after the legendary pleasure machine, this position lets you use your legs for movement while straddling him. It’s cowgirl with a completely different power source.
How to Harness Leg Power: You straddle him but keep your feet planted on the floor for leverage. Instead of bouncing on your knees, you use your powerful leg muscles to lift and lower yourself onto his cock.
Why It’s Uniquely Intense: Your legs give you incredible control over speed and depth while creating a rhythm that’s completely different from traditional riding. The sensation builds in ways that surprise both of you.
Strength and Stamina: This position engages your leg muscles differently, building both strength and sexual stamina. Start with shorter sessions and build up to longer rides.
Movement Mastery: Focus on lifting and lowering rather than bouncing. The controlled movement lets you feel every inch of him sliding in and out of you.
9. Face to Face Connection
Heat Level: Intimate Fire
Best Chair: Chair with comfortable edge seating
Setup: 30 seconds to intimate bliss
You sit on the chair edge while he kneels and penetrates you, creating the perfect balance of support and intimate connection. This position combines physical pleasure with emotional intensity.
How to Connect Soul-Deep: You sit comfortably on the edge while he kneels between your legs, entering you from this beautifully intimate position. The chair supports your back while you both control the depth and rhythm that makes your bodies sing in harmony. Feel the electric connection as your eyes lock and every thrust sends shivers of pleasure radiating outward.
Why It Melts Hearts and Bodies: The face-to-face positioning creates intense eye contact that makes your pulse quicken and your body flush with heat, while the chair provides physical support for extended pleasure that builds and builds. You can kiss deeply while he moves inside you, creating connection that’s both physical and soul-deep.
Intimacy Amplifiers: Maintain eye contact, whisper what feels good, and use your hands to pull him closer or guide his movements. This position is about connection as much as climax.
Comfort Considerations: The chair edge should be comfortable for extended sitting. Add a cushion if needed—comfort equals better orgasms.
10. Reverse Cowgirl Chair Style
Heat Level: Visual Pleasure
Best Chair: Chair with reliable back support
Setup: 30 seconds to reverse ecstasy
You face away while riding him, giving him an incredible view while you maintain complete control. This chair sex position recreates that fantasy while delivering real, intense pleasure.
How to Take Control: He sits back in the chair while you face away from him, slowly lowering yourself onto his waiting cock with deliberate, teasing movements. You control every sensation while he enjoys the visual feast of your body moving in rhythm above him, your skin flushed with arousal.
Why It’s Visually Addictive: You get complete control over the pressure and pace that builds your pleasure while he gets an unobstructed view of your gorgeous curves responding to every movement. The angle hits spots that make you arch and moan in ways that drive him absolutely wild with desire.
Viewing Pleasure: This works beautifully on couches too—you can even watch something together until the pleasure becomes too intense to focus on anything but each other.
Control Techniques: Lean forward to grip his knees for leverage, or lean back against his chest when you want deeper emotional connection with your physical pleasure.
11. Chair Doggy with One Leg Up
Heat Level: Creative Pleasure
Best Chair: Sturdy chair that handles creative positioning
Setup: 1-2 minutes to asymmetrical bliss
A creative chair sex variation where you have one leg elevated and one grounded, creating unique angles and sensations that surprise both of you.
How to Find Your Angle: You position with one foot on the chair seat and one on the floor while he enters from behind. The asymmetrical positioning creates angles that hit spots you didn’t know you had.
Why Asymmetry Creates Magic: The unique positioning targets different areas inside you while providing stability that lets you both move with confidence. It’s familiar enough to feel safe, different enough to feel exciting.
Balance and Pleasure: The asymmetrical stance requires some balance initially, but once you find your groove, the sensations are unlike anything symmetrical positions can offer.
Variation Exploration: Switch which leg is elevated to completely change the sensation. Each variation feels like discovering a new position entirely.
12. Face Off Intimacy
Heat Level: Eye-Contact Intensity
Best Chair: Wide, comfortable chair for intimate positioning
Setup: 30 seconds to intimate intensity
This face-to-face chair straddling position combines the emotional connection of missionary with the control of cowgirl. You straddle him while maintaining that soul-melting eye contact.
How to Connect Completely: He sits upright while you straddle him, placing your legs on either side of the chair. The magic happens when you lock eyes and slowly lower yourself onto his throbbing cock—it’s like connecting your souls through your bodies while electricity shoots through every nerve ending.
Why It’s Emotionally Intense: The position creates deeper penetration than regular cowgirl while maintaining the kind of eye contact that makes your heart race and your body melt with anticipation. You can kiss passionately, whisper filthy secrets, and watch each other’s faces transform with waves of building pleasure.
Intensity Management: Make sure your chair is genuinely sturdy—the emotional intensity this position generates often translates into physical passion that can get pretty enthusiastic.
Connection Amplifiers: Use the chair arms for support when you want to change angles or when the pleasure gets so intense you need something solid to hold onto.
Chair Sex Positions for Beginners: Your Confidence-Building Guide
New to chair sex positions? Here’s how to transform from curious to confident in the art of furniture-based pleasure:
Your First Adventure Strategy
Start with Confidence: Choose the Chairman or Venus Butterfly for your first experience. These positions feel natural and let you focus on pleasure instead of logistics.
Test Drive Everything: Bounce-test chairs, practice positioning while clothed, and laugh together about the awkward moments. Half the fun is figuring it out as a team—and the other half is the incredible sex that follows.
Communication is Foreplay: Establish signals for “that’s perfect,” “adjust slightly,” and “more of that.” Chair sex requires more coordination than bed sex, but the payoff is incredible.
Patience Creates Perfection: Unlike bed positions you know by heart, chair positions require finding your unique rhythm and angles. Every couple discovers their own version of perfection.
Safety That Doesn’t Kill the Mood
Chair Integrity: If it protests during normal use, it’s not ready for passionate use. Your pleasure deserves stable furniture.
Space Awareness: Clear the area around your chair. Passion can make you forget about coffee tables and sharp corners.
Comfort Checks: Regular “how does this feel?” conversations prevent discomfort from becoming pain. Better pleasure comes from better communication.
Time Constraints: When you’re working with limited time but maximum desire, chair positions are perfect for satisfying encounters. For even quicker satisfaction, check out our quickie sex positions that deliver intense pleasure in minimal time.
Troubleshooting Your Chair Sex Adventures
“Our chair slides around during the good parts!”
Position it against a wall, throw down a grip rug, or choose heavier furniture. For office chairs, lock those wheels before things get heated.
“The penetration angle feels off!”
Try cushions to adjust height, experiment with leg positioning, or test different chairs. Sometimes the perfect angle is just one small adjustment away.
“My legs get tired when I’m on top!”
Build stamina gradually, switch to positions where the chair does more supporting, or alternate who’s doing the work. Pleasure shouldn’t be painful.
“The chair sounds like it’s complaining!”
Either embrace the soundtrack of your passion or invest in sturdier furniture. Sometimes the best sex makes a little noise.
“Everything feels awkward at first!”
Chair sex uses different muscles and coordination than bed sex. What feels awkward initially becomes second nature with practice—and practicing is half the fun.
Advanced Chair Sex Mastery
Ready to graduate from beginner to expert? Try these enhancements that’ll make you chair sex legends:
Multi-Chair Choreography
Use different chairs for different parts of your session. Start with oral on the dining chair, transition to the armchair for straddling, finish on the recliner for intimate connection. If you love mixing locations for variety, our shower positions collection offer another dimension of pleasure that combines water, steam, and passion.
Furniture Fusion
Combine chairs with other elements—an ottoman for foot support, nearby walls for stability, or tables for hand placement. Your entire room becomes part of the experience. If you’re feeling adventurous about expanding beyond furniture, our outdoor sex positions guide will show you how nature can enhance your pleasure playground.
Spontaneous Mastery
Once you know your positions, every chair becomes an invitation. Kitchen breakfast? Could turn into morning sex. Home office break? Suddenly much more interesting. And when you’ve mastered chair sex, you’ll find yourself craving adventure in other locations too—our complete situational guides will show you how to turn any location into your personal playground.
I once had a partner who became so skilled at chair positioning that she could turn any furniture into a pleasure opportunity. Dinner party? She’d catch my eye and glance at the host’s sturdy dining chair with a look that made me lose track of conversation entirely. That level of confidence and skill transforms every social gathering into foreplay.
The Best Sexy Positions Bottom Line
Chair sex positions prove that incredible pleasure doesn’t require a bedroom—just creativity, sturdy furniture, and the confidence to explore what makes your body sing. From the emotional intensity of Face Off to the deep satisfaction of the Chairman, these positions offer unique angles, spontaneous opportunities, and comfort-focused pleasure that your bed simply can’t match.
The real magic of chair sex lies in how it transforms ordinary moments into extraordinary encounters. Your living room becomes a playground, your home office chair gains new purpose, and every piece of furniture holds the potential for mind-blowing pleasure. It’s accessibility meets adventure, comfort meets passion, and routine meets the kind of spontaneity that keeps relationships electric.
These positions work for every body, every comfort level, and every relationship dynamic. Whether you’re seeking deeper intimacy, more comfortable pleasure, or just want to discover why some of your best orgasms might happen outside the bedroom, chair sex opens up a world of possibilities that’ll change how you look at furniture forever.
Best Sexy Positions Certified: We’ve personally tested every position to ensure they deliver genuine pleasure, not just novelty. Our extensive research confirms that couples who master chair sex report more spontaneous encounters, greater comfort during intimacy, and significantly more frequent satisfaction. Studies on sexual wellness demonstrate that positive sexual experiences, including those enhanced by comfort and accessibility, contribute significantly to relationship satisfaction and overall well-being. The combination of accessibility, unique sensations, and creative possibilities makes chair sex a game-changer for couples ready to think beyond the bedroom.
Ready to transform your furniture into your favorite playground? Choose a chair that can handle your passion, pick a position that makes you both eager, and prepare to discover why your living room might just steal the spotlight from your bedroom.
Frequently Asked Questions About Chair Sex Positions
Are chair sex positions actually safe, or just adventurous?
Chair sex positions are completely safe when you match your passion to your furniture’s capabilities. Test stability first, avoid overloading armrests, and trust your instincts about what feels secure. The key is choosing positions that work with your chair’s strengths, not against them.
What transforms a regular chair into great sex furniture?
Look for rock-solid construction, comfortable height for your bodies, and stability that won’t wobble when things get heated. The best sex chairs don’t creak, don’t slide, and can handle enthusiastic movement without protesting.
Can chair sex really work for beginners, or is it advanced stuff?
Many chair sex positions for beginners are actually easier than complex bed positions because the chair provides built-in support and stability. Start with simple straddling or oral positions—they feel natural and let you focus on pleasure instead of coordination.
How do I bring up chair sex without sounding weird?
Focus on the pleasure benefits: “I found some comfortable positions that look amazing” or “This might feel incredible for both of us.” You can also suggest it naturally when you’re already being intimate on furniture together.
Do chair positions work for people with physical limitations?
Absolutely! Chair sex often provides better support and requires less athletic ability than traditional bed positions. The furniture handles the support work while you focus on connection and pleasure—it’s often more accessible than conventional positions.
What if my chair makes noise during passionate moments?
Chair sounds are part of the experience and nothing to be embarrassed about. You can either embrace it as your unique soundtrack or invest in quieter, sturdier furniture. Sometimes the best pleasure comes with its own audio effects.
Can we incorporate toys into chair sex positions?
Many chair sex positions actually make toy use easier than bed positions. The seating arrangements free up hands for additional stimulation, and positions like oral or straddling create perfect opportunities for adding toys that amplify pleasure.
How do I know if a position is right for our bodies and comfort levels?
Start with beginner positions and communicate constantly about what feels incredible versus what needs adjustment. The best positions are ones where you both feel comfortable enough to lose yourselves in pleasure rather than worry about logistics or discomfort.